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alprazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine used for its anxiolytic effects
to treat anxiety disorders. It is sold under several brand names such as Xanax,
Xanor, Alplax, Tranquinal, Trankimazin, and Tafil.
alprazolam has a calming effect, with potential side effects of drowsiness,
clumsiness, fatigue, and headache. The drug can also have more severe side
effects, such as blurred vision, slurred speech, and changes in normal
behavior. The drug is habituating, and users develop a tolerance. Physical and
psychological dependence after several months of alprazolam treatment is
common. As a result, long-term alprazolam treatment cannot be abruptly
terminated, but must instead be slowly reduced in dosage over a course of
weeks (as is the case with many drugs operating on neurotransmitters). Abrupt
cessation may cause rebound anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, among other
symptoms.
For more long-term relief of anxiety, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
medicines such as paroxetine, sertraline, or fluoxetine are often prescribed.
In the United States, the sale of alprazolam is regulated by the Food and
Drug Administration, and requires a doctor's prescription. Internationally,
alprazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic
Substances[1].
Mechanism of action
alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine, that is, a benzodiazepine with a
triazolo-ring attached to its structure. alprazolam binds to the GABA
receptor GABAA, causing a conformational change and thus increasing inhibitory
effects of GABA. Unlike other benzodiazepines, alprazolam also has some
antidepressant activity.
Pharmacokinetics
alprazolam is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The peak
plasma concentration is achieved in 1-2 hours. Most of the drug is bound to
plasma protein, mainly albumin. alprazolam is hydroxylated in the liver to α-hydroxyalprazolam,
which is also active. This and other metabolites are later excreted in urine
as glucuronides. Some of alprazolam is also excreted in unchanged form.
Recreational use
As with all benzodiazepines, alprazolam offers relaxing sedative effects
that many find suitable to recreational environments. The drug is almost
always administered by ingestion, as alprazolam is a non-polar molecule and
thus ineffective when "snorted" (insufflation). Oral ingestion results in
decreased inhibition, decreased social anxiety, and a general feeling of
well-being. It is often combined with other drugs such as alcohol, cannabis,
and cocaine.
alprazolam or similar benzodiazepines are also used on the come-down of
certain drugs, such as the longer-lasting hallucinogens like LSD, and
stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamines, as it can allow an otherwise
intoxicated person to relax at the end of the drug's effects and possibly fall
asleep, which they would not be able to do otherwise. It is also occasionally
taken, sometimes self-administered, during a dysphoric experience on
hallucinogens such as LSD or psilocybin, because it will often tone down the
experience, allowing the user to cope with a dysphoric hallucinogenic
experience better.
1.
Alprazolam
2.
Xanax Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Alprazolam ...
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MedlinePlus Drug Information: Alprazolam
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MedlinePlus Medicinas: Alprazolam
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Alprazolam ( Xanax )
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Alprazolam
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alprazolam (Xanax) - drug class, medical uses, medication side ...
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Erowid Alprazolam (Xanax) Vault
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Alprazolam - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
10.
Alprazolam - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
What is alprazolam?
alprazolam is a tranquilizer used in the short-term relief of symptoms of
anxiety or the treatment of anxiety disorders. alprazolam is also used in
the treatment of panic disorders.
Are there any side effects associated with alprazolam?
alprazolam side effects may include abdominal discomfort, abnormal
involuntary movement, agitation, allergies, anxiety, blurred vision, chest
pain, confusion, constipation, decreased or increased sex drive, depression,
diarrhea, difficult urination, dream abnormalities, drowsiness, dry mouth,
fainting, fatigue, fluid retention, headache, hyperventilation, inability to
fall asleep, increase or decrease in appetite, increased or decreased
salivation, impaired memory, irritability, lack of coordination,
light-headedness, low blood pressure, menstrual problems, muscular twitching,
nausea and vomiting, nervousness, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, rash,
restlessness, ringing in the ears, sexual dysfunction, skin inflammation,
speech difficulties, stiffness, stuffy nose, sweating, tiredness/sleepiness,
tremors, upper respiratory infections, weakness, weight gain or loss. If the
side effects continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor.
How is alprazolam taken?
Follow the directions for taking alprazolam provided by your doctor.
alprazolam may be taken with or without food. If you miss a dose and are
less than 1 hour late, take it as soon as you remember. Otherwise skip the
dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.
Are there any effects of taking alprazolam with other medications?
Some medicines may interact with alprazolam. Inform your doctor of all
prescription and over-the-counter medicine that you are taking. It is
important to check with your doctor before combining alprazolam with
amiodarone, antihistamines, carbamazepine, certain antibiotics, certain
antidepressant drugs, cimetidine, cyclosporine, digoxin, diltiazem, disulfiram,
ergotamine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, grapefruit juice, isoniazid, major
tranquilizers, nefazodone, nicardipine, nifedipine, oral contraceptives, other
central nervous system depressants, paroxetine, propoxyphene, or sertraline.
Never combine alprazolam with Ssoranox or nizoral. These drugs cause a
buildup of alprazolam in the body.
How should I store alprazolam?
Store alprazolam at room temperature in a tightly closed container, away
from heat and light.
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